Amethyst

Amethyst is a gemstone that captivates with its vibrant hues of purple and holds a revered place both in the realms of geology and metaphysical belief. This enchanting stone is not only a marvel of the Earth’s artistry but also a beacon for those seeking spiritual enlightenment. Let’s explore the intriguing world of amethyst – from its geological formation to its metaphysical lore and its prominence in the commercial market.

Technically Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz!

Brazilian Amethyst: Carved in China, note the carving style is indicative of material purchased from Brazil and carved in China.

Geological Marvel: The Formation of Amethyst

Amethyst, a variety of quartz, is renowned for its stunning purple coloration, which ranges from a light lavender to a deep violet. This coloration is primarily due to the presence of iron impurities and, to some extent, other transition metals and natural irradiation processes.

Formation Process:

• Origins in Volcanic Rocks: Often found lining the insides of geodes in volcanic rocks, amethyst is formed from silica-rich liquids that fill cavities within these rocks. Over time, these liquids cool and crystallize to form quartz, with specific conditions leading to the creation of amethyst.
• Color Variations: The unique purple color is a result of complex interactions between iron impurities and gamma irradiation. This color can vary based on the iron concentration and the specific nature of the irradiation.

Vera Cruz Amethyst Formation, Mexico

 

Commercial Sources: Where Amethyst is Found

Amethyst is sourced from various locations around the globe, each offering stones with distinct characteristics:

• Brazil: The largest producer of amethyst, Brazilian mines yield vast quantities of this gemstone, particularly from the Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais regions. Brazilian amethysts are known for their large size and rich color.
• Uruguay: Offering some of the deepest hues, Uruguayan amethyst is highly prized for its intense, deep purple color.
• Africa: African countries, including Zambia, Namibia, and Morocco, produce amethyst with unique color qualities, often with reddish and bluish tinges.
• United States: specifically Arizona, has amethyst mines producing high-quality stones with a distinct reddish-purple color. Mines in South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia also produce gorgeous amethyst. 
• Mexico: This is where the rare and popular Vera Cruz Amethyst comes from. 
• Canada: Thunder Bay

While Amethyst can be found all over the world, these are the most common commercial locations for sourcing Amethyst. 

Cluster Formations like this one are common to Uruguay and Brazil

Metaphysical Properties: A Stone of Peace and Healing

Beyond its geological allure, amethyst is steeped in metaphysical and spiritual significance:

• Spiritual Clarity: Historically, amethyst has been associated with clarity of mind and quick-wittedness. It’s believed to aid in calming thoughts and enhancing intuitive powers.
• Healing and Balance: In crystal healing, amethyst is revered for its purported ability to soothe and balance the mind and emotions, making it a popular choice for those seeking tranquility.
• Protection and Purification: Many believe that amethyst has protective qualities, warding off negative energy and fostering a shield of spiritual light around the body.
• Crown Chakra Activation: In the chakra system, amethyst is closely linked with the crown chakra, making it a tool for spiritual awakening and enlightenment.

Common Treatments/Alterations

Amethyst, a popular variety of quartz, is often subjected to various treatments to enhance its color and appearance. These treatments are quite common in the gemstone industry. Here are some of the most common treatments applied to amethyst:

1. Heat Treatment:

   • Purpose: The most common treatment for amethyst is heat treatment. This process can lighten, darken, or alter the color of the stone.
   • For example: Heating amethyst can turn it yellow, which is deceptively sold as "Citrine" or green where it is sold as "Prasiolite" or  "Green Amethyst" which is artificial Prasiolite. *Natural prasiolite and citrine are rare and the overwhelming majority on the market are altered amethyst. 
   • Temperature Range: The temperatures used can range from about 400°C to 500°C (752°F to 932°F).
   • Reversibility: This treatment is generally stable and permanent, meaning the color change is unlikely to reverse under normal conditions.

2. Irradiation:

   • Purpose: While less common than heat treatment, irradiation is sometimes used to deepen or change the color of amethyst.
   • Process: The process involves exposing the stone to controlled sources of radiation.
   • After Effects: Post-irradiation, some stones might require heating to stabilize or further develop the color change.

3. Dyeing:

   • Purpose: On rare occasions, especially in lower-quality stones, dyes might be used to enhance or change the color of amethyst.
   • Identification: Dyeing can usually be identified by a gemologist through microscopic examination, as dyes may accumulate in cracks or surface-reaching inclusions.

4. Coating:

   • Purpose: Surface coatings, like thin films or varnishes, are sometimes applied to amethyst to improve its luster or to create special effects like iridescence.
   • Durability: Coatings are generally not as durable as other treatments and can wear off over time.

5. Fracture Filling:

   • Purpose: In some cases, fractures or surface-reaching inclusions in amethyst may be filled with a glass-like substance to improve clarity.
   • Detection: This treatment can usually be detected by a trained gemologist using magnification.